Ways+of+Knowing

Ways of Knowing


 * Senses || When my senses were reliable || When my senses were 'off' ||
 * Visual || When I came to pick up my pencil case and was able to see exactly where it as || When I saw a person just hanging out in the foyer at my house. There was no person :/ ||
 * Olfactory || Knew that Osayil's cologne was the same as my brothers. ||  ||
 * Touch || Correctly guessed what the animal was in Mr. Tennis's room. ||  ||
 * Auditory || Heard the first few bars of Rob Dougan and knew which one it was. || Always hear the call to prayer at random times. ||
 * Taste || Tasted the mustard in my mom's steak. OH YEAH. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Incorrectly guessing 18 other ingredients. ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> In what ways does the biological constitution of a living organism determine, influence or limit its perception? If humans are sensitive only to certain ranges of stimuli, what consequences, including positive attributes and limitations, might this have for the acquisition of knowledge? Provide examples. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> How does technology extend and modify the capabilities of the senses? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> There are a multitude of ways in which the biological constitution of an organism affect it's perception of the world around it. For instance, a plant has no eyes and is, for all that we know, unable to see. This means that the world that we 'see' in front of us in unknown to a plant and although it may know it's surrounding it does not perceive them in the same way as we do. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> As humans, our brains are already overloaded by the five sense we do have and they go through great struggles to filter the things we don't need. Had we more senses we would be unable to process most things.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Technology can perfect our sense however it can not change them or detect things we, ourselves, can not detect. A scientist will not create a machine to perceive stimuli <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> that humans don't even understand. Yes, and does this or has this altered our understanding of the world? That would be the point to highlight.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Animal/Plant || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sense || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Determine || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Influence || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Limit || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Consequences ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Human ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dog || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Smell || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Walks around smelling all the time || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sensitive to all smell || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Has very poor eyesight || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gets confused. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cat ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bats ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sharks ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sunflower ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fly ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fly ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Are there stages to perception?
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Here are some recognized stages. Define them and find examples: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -filtering/selective perception - how humans are able to focus on one thing. - Listening to the person who's talking to you and ignoring the numerous conversations behind you. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -halo and horn effect - The possibility to perceive the same experience in two different ways depending on past memories or emotions felt. - <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -organizing - Grouping experiences; rearranging information to create a further understanding of the topic. - <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -stereotyping - Assuming many facts based on one perceived truth. - <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -filling in information - Guessing conclusions based on previous, similar memories. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -interpretation - how you understand the information given to you. Yes, and this importantly requires application of a judgment.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Perceptual Illusions
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is your perception always accurate? Provide examples of when it is trustworthy, and when it might not be. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Yes and no. When I am alone and there are no other perceptual experiences to compare to, my perceptions are the ultimate truth. They are the only way I can gain knowledge about my world. Once I gain knowledge and ask other people what they saw, heard, felt, tasted or smelt, I begin to realize that my perceptions are unreliable. However, so are other peoples. This makes me confused. An example of this is when you smell chocolate but everyone else says it's coffee. It then turns out to be coca cola.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Are people’s perceptions the same? How do you know this? Does this invalidate your or another person’s experience? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Not always, no two people can occupy the same space at the same time an so everyone's experience is bound ot be at least a fraction different. Other than that, some people have heightened senses while others may have flawed senses. Perception also depends on who you are, your biological constitution and your background.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Why might misperceptions occur? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Misperceptions might occur if one of your sense is <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> We ignore some information and we can't even pick up other bits. When we listen to our senses it's like talking on the phone in the middle of the desert - you take the three or four words you can hear and then try to make sense of it all.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Selectivity of Perception
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> How do we validate our perceptions? Do we ignore some and rely more heavily on others? Why? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> We validate our perceptions by cross-refrencing with others. We could ask an authority or maybe try to recreate the experience. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> We definetly ignore some of our senses and rely on others. For instance while eating a sandwich and listening to the teacher speak I'm less likely to be concentrating on how delicious the cheese is.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What things might affect how you interpret your perceptions? Is this selectivity conscious or unconscious? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Almost everything can effect How you interpret your perceptions. perceptions is usually a choice on your part, be it conscious and unconscious.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Can you provide reasons why people perceive things differently? Explain. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> People perceive things differently because they experience them differently.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Seeing and Believing
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What do you create from your perceptions? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Pretty much everything you think and feel is based upon or created from your perceptions.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> In this case, one could ask, what belief or models affect our perception?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> This leads to the question of if, or how are, the senses used in the different Areas of Knowing?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> How would you be able to confirm if your perceptions are representing what you are experiencing accurately?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> So if there is agreement that perceptions may not be perfect, then how do we get around them to perceive reality? Or, is this even possible? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> I think that even if there was one 'real' reality people wouldn't be able to view it. Because of this, I believe that rather than trying to perceive a 'real' reality humans look for a shared reality which then becomes the agreed-upon/true reality because no opposing views are had.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emotions
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Please don't cry....

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The nature of emotions
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What is the underlying nature of our emotions? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Common: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> instinctive feelings, chemicals, influence by environment, cause by events, affected by backgrounds, spectrum, <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Different: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> partnership of heart and mind, like a tree, cycle (brain> heart>perception)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> When you feel an emotion, how do you know you are feeling that way? Can you explain why you are having this emotion? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> You get a physical response. Your hands might sweat, you might start shaking or you might get an empty pit feeling inside your stomach. Sometimes, if you find really, well, emotive words you can explain them to other people

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Describe the process by which you develop an emotion. In what ways do we describe emotions through language? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> An emotion is kind of like a reaction to an event. In my opinion you perceive the event, and have an initial reaction or feeling and then after thinking about it for a while or leaving it a lone you emotions, change, fade or get more intense.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Can you reason about emotions? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Sometimes. At times you get unreasonable, unexpected emotions that you can't control and you can't understand but at times your emotions are actually cause by you. For example, I woke up one day feeling really horrible which I can't explain but I tried singing a happy song and I was able to change my mood.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What things influence your emotions? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">EVERYTHING. You have or can create emotions about anything.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Are controlling emotions a good or a bad thing? Explain with examples. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">At times. Good if you just want to scream explicits at your boss, bad when you don't tell your spouse how you feel.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> How do emotions change as you get older? Why does this happen? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Emotions do defiently change as you get older. As I said earlier

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Are emotions influenced by culture? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Ex. filled with rage when you hear the world Israel. Gleeful when the football team wins the match.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emotions as obstacle
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can emotions affect the way we understand something? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Defiently, when one is angry you usually completely ignore what other people are saying and then deny yourself of a higher understanding. When you're happy you might throw caution to the wind and be a bit reckless regardless of what your instincts or perceptions tell you.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Can emotions limit the reliability or even the validity of a knowledge claim? Provide examples. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Yes, if you have a great emotions for something you might fall into hyperbole.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Can emotional responses be misunderstood by others? How do you get around that? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Language?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emotions as source
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can emotions be an important aspect of creating knowledge? Provide examples.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What is emotional intelligence? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> I think emoitonal intelligence is a bit like intuition, where your emotions can give you a deeper understanding.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is there such a thing as Intuition? Would you rely on it as a reliable way of knowing? Provide examples. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> In my life, there have been many times where I just went with 'my gut feeling' and turned out a better person for it. So, yes, I do believe in intuition.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Can you classify emotions? What categories could you create? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Positive, negative, personal, impersonal

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What role does emotion play in some of the different areas of knowledge?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reason
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Are you always reasonable in your reasoning? What does that mean?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Nature of Reasoning
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What exactly is reasoning?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What does the process of reasoning entail?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is there good and bad reasoning?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is there a history of reasoning?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Types of Reasoning
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What are inductive and deductive processes of reasoning? What is informal reasoning? @http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/dedind.php <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Inductive reasoning is when you start with an experience you have had and you form a generalization based upon it. Deductive reasoning is when you apply previously formed generalizations and stereotypes in the word you're living in.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is reasoning done to produce knowledge about something specific, or something in general? How is this done? Provide examples of each. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Reasoning works both ways You could be ditched by your friend and so you think everyone who sits alone has been ditched by their friend (general)/ Based upon your belief that women wearing the headscarf do not talk to boys, you will not expect the new girl who wears a headscarf to befriend any boys (specific).

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What role does time play in judging the truth value of your reasoning, whether inductive or deductive? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> As you grow older, you learn that stereotypes are not always reliable and that neither inductive nor deductive reasoning are truly fault proof. With the very elderly

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Two true premises, and a true conclusion <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">All humans breathe. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Amae is a human. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Amae is breathing

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. One true premise, one false premise, and a true conclusion <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">All birds cannot swim <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I am a bird. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I cannot swim

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. One true premise, one false premise and a false conclusion

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. Two false premises and a true conclusion <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">No cats like citrus fruits <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mariam is a cat <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mariam doesn’t like grapefruit

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5. Two false premises and a false conclusion <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">All humans wear pants <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I don’t wear pants <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I am not human.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Are you always reasonable in your reasoning? What does that mean? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reasonable reasoning is No, because sometimes the basis of your reasoning – your first or second premise – are assumptions making your reasoning less reasonable.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What exactly is reasoning? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reasoning is a thought process which helps humans fill in the gaps of information they have through a process that is simple and seemingly logical.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What does the process of reasoning entail?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Is there good and bad reasoning? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reasoning with logical premises and truths is good while any reasoning that is the opposite is not reasoning at all.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Is there a history of reasoning?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Provide examples of how Induction and Deduction are used in your other courses or activities. Can you provide examples of where it might be problematic? That is, do you see any cases where induction, an event leads to a generalization, is correct or not correct? Are there cases where general rules applied to specific situations work or don't work?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Smirkling <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Peace
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chemistry || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Since isotope and isotonic both have 'iso', I induced that 'iso' is the prefix for different when infact it means the same ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">English ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Arabic || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In Arabic, I always use English grammer in Arabic sentences ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Biology ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Math ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Economics ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Individual || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Individual/Group || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Group || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Group/Universe || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Universe ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Best Friends || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A word to convey any creepy emotion ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">misspell of smirk? ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Individual || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Individual/Group || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Group || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Group/Universe || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Universe ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Finishing a book || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sitting on the grass listening to music ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Safety || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A serene feeling ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">One example of how induction can be problematic is the following: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A new student may go to two of his three classes wherein each teacher tells him that the homework is due on the next even day. When he goes to the third class, the teacher does not specify the due date and so the student induces that it, too, is due on the next even day. However, that particular teacher wanted on the very next day thus creating problems for the student. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> One example of how deduction can be problematic is the following:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Is language play? In what ways? Provide examples. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">We started by saying that language is the vehicle with which you convey your meaning. Basically, you can choose a sensible <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Language is the way we convey our perception, emotion and reason (P.E.R) to other people. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Individuals have their own language P.E.R. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -“Hang on”, someone could wait or jump on you. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -“I’m going to kill you!!”, the person saying it is either angry or a serial killer. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -All words can be used as play or plain communication. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -There is a difference between written and spoken. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -Verbal language tends to be more playful while sign language is usually used as plain communication.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Identify a topic or situation. Is this idea clearly true, or false, or where between the two?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What makes it so certain or uncertain? (or almost certainly true or false)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">How important is it? What makes it important? (important or not so important)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Do words represent images in our minds or some idea out there, or do they refer to real things? MOONS <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Most of the words can be imagined as pictures or ideas in most of people's minds, and then refer into real things. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Words that are about real things in life that we can touch, see, hear, taste or smell, are represented in our minds as images or pictures of the thing, though the pictures can be different, but they'll talk about one thing, as long as it's about one specific meaning of the word. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Most of the words that are imaginable refer to real things. eg.: when someone says there is a dog outside, then most of people will have the idea or the picture "Dog" in their minds, so this helps knowing the word and what does it refer to. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Words that are about feelings or things that are not touchable or visual are usually unimaginable as pictures, and even if they are, they may not refer to real things directly. eg.: the word "Life" doesn't refer for something real by saying it just like that, but it may make some individual mean or picture for some people. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Some people make images or ideas for different words, even if they're not real things, to help remember them or make them easier to understand, and that helps a lot building the brain and the memory, and helps making them stronger. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Usually, words have different images inside each one's mind, so they may have the same meaning or different meanings, depends of the way the person sees or understands the word. This is very similar to the Homonym, which means words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings. eg: the word "Heart", for some people it may be pictured as a human heart, others may imagine it as a love heart, and some may imagine it as the center of something. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Words that are universal sometimes have the same picture in our minds, so the whole word will have the same picture when they hear a word like that. eg.: the word "Nine" have a picture of the number nine for most of the people. Some words may have the same picture in specific situations. eg.: the word "Sun" will have the same picture of a sun, when talking about weather or a twilight or something. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Names that are unique, which means they're not similar to another word, are the words that have only one picture or very similar pictures in people minds, and this is for the situation when talking about a specific known person, and everyone knows that the topic is about him. eg.: "Ludacris" is a common words that will have the same picture for the same person in our mind, or similar pictures, which is the singer. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Words that are not imaginable are understood by experience and repetition, so people also may make picture which refer to the experiment or the action, and then relate it to the word, so this type also can refer to real things, but indirectly. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - From the previous point above, we notice that the two types of words, words which can be imagined, and words which cannot, can refer to real things for most of us, but the difference is how does it refer, directly or indirectly.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is language be personal/individual or is it part of a shared community? STARS


 * If you think about each word carefully, it is able to fit in to each category of meanings of words, which are Individual, Shared and Common.
 * For some words, there is a cultural meaning that comes up first before the individual meaning. For example, “Cinema” in Saudi, in this culture, it is considered wrong and so, for this reason, there are no cinemas in this country.
 * The inventing of words are individual at the beginning, but common when shared. For example, Shakespeare and Newspeak in 1984. Some of their words are in the dictionary and are used in everyday language.
 * Language is a strong aspect of WOK because it gives meaning to the words and how they are viewed differently.
 * Language has both advantage and disadvantage to globalization, for example, for example when people communicate, they have different views on how companies should be developed.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Is there a difference between the written word and speaking or dialogue? Provide examples. SATURN
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Content makes a difference
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">You can incorporate emotions into words
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Words have different meanings (literal/figurative)
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The method of how words are expressed (Tone/Volume)
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fonts reflect different styles (bold, italics, small, big)
 * 6) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Spelling and Capitalization - (Thanks vs. Thnx) (march vs. March)
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Different cultures may have different meanings to specific words

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Does language change? How, when, and why? PINKIES <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> How: - Formal --> Slang (eg. teacher --> friends) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Translation (eg. from one language to another) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Interpretation of definition within words (eg. i love you to a friend or to a some one special) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Time (eg. Chinese & Egyptian symbols) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> When: - Migration (eg. depending on where you live and what century <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Why: - Easy (efficient) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Cool (Part of your identity <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Personal codes (eg. own language) - Changes according to stuff changing Is language inherently literal or is it figurative? TREES -It depends on the situation, whether a person is being serious or sarcastic -Confusion between literal and figurative can lead to misconceptions -Can be literal or figurative depending on how people would interpret it -People sometimes misunderstand what you say and take it literally -We use figurative to add humor -For figurative, we play with words -Literal is the way you describe what it is -Figurative is when you play with words by creating metaphors -Examples: -When you spill a bag of beans -When you tell someone the full details of a story -Someone's eyes (iris) are black -A person was punched in the face and has a black eye -The sky is blue on a Monday -A sad monday -A rabbit's foot -Can also mean luck
 * Spill the beans
 * Black eye
 * Blue Monday
 * Rabbit's foot